About the Journal

Tempora Journal of Management is a national journal with open access and peer-reviewed. Tempora is dedicated to the national advancement in research, education and scientific understanding of Management. It aims to encourage continuous development, discussion and innovation through the exchange of knowledge, ideas and good practices in all branches of management including; office management, strategic management, financial management, human resource management, environmental management, crisis management, marketing management, and operational management. Tempora provides publications that are critically reviewed by peers, carefully selected/edited, and up-to-date on advances in the field that are relevant to readers.

The word "tempora" comes from Latin which means time or period. In the context of management science, tempora can be associated with several important concepts related to time management and time-term planning.

Time Management
In management, tempora is closely related to how a manager organizes and utilizes time effectively to achieve organizational goals. This includes scheduling tasks, setting priorities, and ensuring work efficiency.

Strategic Planning Based on Time
In strategic planning, time is divided into three horizons:

Short term (tempora brevia): focuses on daily or weekly tasks and targets.

Medium term (tempora media): relates to targets in months to years.

Long term (tempora longa): the organization's vision and mission in a period of years or decades.

Management Cycle
Tempora also reflects the time cycle in the managerial process: planning, implementing, monitoring, and evaluating — all of which have specific time limits and targets.

Decision Making Based on Time
In management science, time is an important factor in decision making. When decisions are made (temporum), how quickly execution is carried out, and how long the results can be evaluated, all affect managerial effectiveness.

Project Management
In this context, tempo refers to the establishment of a project schedule (timeline), including time estimates, deadlines, and temporally structured implementation phases.

Conclusion

Temperature as a time concept in management science is fundamental because almost all aspects of management depend on time: from planning to evaluation. Good time management is one of the main indicators of a manager's effectiveness.